Manorbier Castle

Manorbier Castle, located in the picturesque village of Manorbier in Pembrokeshire, Wales, is a stunning Norman fortress by the sea. Built in the 12th century, it has witnessed centuries of history and remains one of the most charming castles in Wales. Its unique combination of coastal views, rich heritage, and well-preserved architecture makes it a must-visit destination.

This blog explores the castle’s fascinating history, architectural features, notable figures, and activities that make it a highlight of Pembrokeshire.

The History of Manorbier Castle

Manorbier Castle is one of the most picturesque and historically rich castles in Wales. Built during the Norman conquest of Pembrokeshire, it reflects the power struggles, cultural shifts, and architectural innovations of the medieval period. Its history spans over 900 years, offering a fascinating glimpse into the lives of its builders and inhabitants.

The Norman Conquest and the Castle’s Foundation (11th–12th Century)

After the Norman invasion of England in 1066, William the Conqueror’s forces turned their attention to Wales. The de Barry family, Norman lords who played a key role in the conquest of Pembrokeshire, established Manorbier Castle in the early 12th century.

Odo de Barry, the patriarch of the family, constructed the castle as a fortified residence. Its strategic location on a hill overlooking the sea allowed the de Barry family to control the surrounding lands and monitor coastal activity.

Initially built as a motte-and-bailey structure, the castle was later rebuilt in stone to enhance its defenses. The transition to stone fortifications marked the growing wealth and influence of the de Barry family.

Gerald of Wales and the Castle’s Golden Age (12th Century)

Manorbier Castle reached its cultural peak during the late 12th century, when Gerald of Wales (Geraldus Cambrensis) was born there.

Gerald, a member of the de Barry family, was a renowned scholar, cleric, and chronicler. He described Manorbier as “the most pleasant place in Wales,” praising its beauty and idyllic location.

Gerald’s writings, including The Journey Through Wales and The Description of Wales, provide invaluable insights into medieval Welsh life. His connection to the castle added to its historical and cultural significance.

The Later Middle Ages and Decline (13th–15th Century)

During the 13th century, Manorbier Castle remained a family stronghold. It saw minimal military action, which contributed to its well-preserved state.

The castle passed through various branches of the de Barry family, eventually coming under the ownership of the Earls of Pembroke. Despite its peaceful existence, the castle’s strategic location made it a symbol of Norman dominance in the region.

By the 15th century, the castle began to lose its importance as a residence. The de Barry family’s influence waned, and the castle’s upkeep became less of a priority.

The English Civil War and Further Decline (17th Century)

During the English Civil War (1642–1651), Manorbier Castle saw limited military action compared to other Welsh castles. However, its strategic location meant it was briefly used by Cromwellian forces.

After the war, the castle fell into disrepair. Its stonework was repurposed for local building projects, a common fate for many medieval castles during this period.

Rediscovery and Romantic Revival (18th–19th Century)

By the 18th century, Manorbier Castle had become a romantic ruin, admired for its scenic beauty and historical charm. Artists, poets, and travelers were drawn to its picturesque setting on the Pembrokeshire coast.

The castle gained further attention during the 19th century when efforts were made to preserve its remaining structures. Its association with Gerald of Wales and its stunning location contributed to its popularity among antiquarians and tourists.

Modern Restoration and Public Access (20th–21st Century)

In the 20th century, private owners undertook restoration efforts to stabilize the castle’s ruins and make it accessible to the public.

Today, Manorbier Castle is a well-preserved example of a Norman coastal fortress. Visitors can explore its towers, chapel, and Great Hall while enjoying breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape.

The castle is also a popular venue for weddings, events, and film productions, blending its historical significance with modern uses.

The Architecture of Manorbier Castle

Manorbier Castle is a quintessential example of a Norman stone fortress, blending military functionality with domestic comfort. Its architecture reflects the dual purpose of Norman castles in medieval Wales: defense and residence. Built in the 12th century and later expanded, the castle’s design harmonizes with its coastal surroundings, making it one of the most picturesque castles in Wales.

The Curtain Walls

The castle is enclosed by thick stone curtain walls, which form a rectangular perimeter around the inner courtyard.

• Defensive Strength: The walls, constructed from locally quarried limestone, provided formidable protection against potential attackers. Their height and thickness made scaling or breaching them extremely difficult.
• Arrow Slits: Narrow slits were strategically placed along the walls, allowing archers to fire at enemies while remaining protected.
• Seaward Walls: The walls facing the sea were slightly lower, as the cliffs and coastline provided natural defense.

The curtain walls remain largely intact, showcasing the durability of Norman construction techniques.

The Gatehouse

The gatehouse serves as the main entrance to the castle and is one of its most impressive features.

• Portcullis and Drawbridge: The original design included a portcullis and a wooden drawbridge, adding layers of protection against invaders.
• Arrow Loops: Defensive arrow loops allowed guards to protect the entrance effectively.
• Residential Use: The upper floors of the gatehouse were used as living quarters, demonstrating its multifunctional design.

The gatehouse stands as a testament to the castle’s strategic and architectural sophistication.

The Towers

Manorbier Castle features a combination of round and square towers, strategically positioned to reinforce the curtain walls.

• Round Towers: These were designed to eliminate blind spots and withstand the impact of siege engines. The curved surfaces deflected projectiles more effectively than flat walls.
• Square Towers: These provided additional space for storage and living quarters. Their placement at key points enhanced the castle’s overall defense.

The towers also served as lookout points, offering panoramic views of the surrounding coastline and countryside.

The Great Hall

This was the heart of the castle’s domestic life and remains one of its most notable features.

• Design and Function: The hall was a large, open space used for feasts, gatherings, and administrative functions. It reflected the wealth and status of the de Barry family.
• Fireplace and Windows: A large fireplace provided warmth, while narrow windows allowed natural light to enter without compromising security.
• Vaulted Ceilings: The hall’s high, vaulted ceilings added grandeur to the space, emphasizing the castle’s dual role as a fortress and a home.

The Great Hall demonstrates the Norman focus on blending practicality with comfort.

The Chapel

The chapel within Manorbier Castle highlights the importance of religion in medieval life.

• Location: Positioned within the inner courtyard, the chapel was easily accessible to the castle’s residents.
• Architectural Features: The chapel features a vaulted ceiling, arched windows, and decorative stone carvings. These elements reflect the Romanesque style prevalent during the Norman period.
• Function: The chapel served as a private place of worship for the de Barry family and their household.

The chapel’s design underscores the castle’s role as a self-contained community.

The Inner Courtyard

The inner courtyard was the central hub of activity within the castle.

• Buildings and Layout: It housed essential structures, including kitchens, storage rooms, and barracks for soldiers.
• Open Space: The courtyard provided space for training, daily chores, and communal gatherings.
• Water Supply: A well ensured a steady supply of water, crucial during sieges.

The courtyard’s layout reflects the castle’s efficient use of space and resources.

Integration with the Landscape

Manorbier Castle’s location on a hill overlooking the sea enhances its defensive and aesthetic appeal.

• Natural Defenses: The cliffs and coastline acted as a natural barrier, reducing the need for extensive fortifications on the seaward side.
• Scenic Views: The castle’s elevated position offers stunning views of Manorbier Beach and the surrounding countryside.
• Use of Local Materials: The castle’s construction utilized local limestone, blending it seamlessly with the environment.

The integration of the castle with its surroundings highlights the strategic and aesthetic considerations of its builders.

Notable People Associated with the Castle

Gerald of Wales (c. 1146–1223)

Gerald of Wales, also known as Geraldus Cambrensis, was a scholar, cleric, and chronicler born at Manorbier Castle. He authored influential works, including The Journey Through Wales, which provides valuable insights into medieval Welsh life.

The de Barry Family

The de Barry family built and owned Manorbier Castle for centuries. They played a significant role in Norman governance in Pembrokeshire.

Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658)

During the English Civil War, Cromwell’s forces reportedly used the castle, though it saw minimal action compared to other Welsh fortresses.

Things to Do at Manorbier Castle

Manorbier Castle offers visitors a variety of activities that combine history, exploration, and relaxation.

• Explore the Castle Grounds:

  Walk through the well-preserved ruins, including the Great Hall, towers, and chapel. Learn about medieval life.

• Enjoy the Coastal Views:

  The castle overlooks Manorbier Beach and the surrounding cliffs, offering stunning photo opportunities.

• Learn the History:

  Interpretive panels and exhibits provide insights into the castle’s construction, the de Barry family, and Gerald of Wales.

• Relax in the Gardens:

  The castle’s landscaped gardens are perfect for a peaceful stroll or a picnic.

• Visit the Beach:

  Manorbier Beach, just a short walk from the castle, is ideal for surfing, swimming, or simply enjoying the sea breeze.

Other Interesting Facts About the Castle

• The castle’s location on the Pembrokeshire Coast Path makes it a popular stop for hikers and nature enthusiasts.
• It has been used as a filming location for movies and TV shows, including adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays.
• Gerald of Wales’s writings describe Manorbier as a “paradise,” reflecting its idyllic setting and his fondness for the castle.

Manorbier Castle is more than just a historical site. It is a place where history, architecture, and natural beauty converge. Its rich heritage, stunning views, and peaceful atmosphere make it a must-visit destination in Pembrokeshire.

Whether you’re exploring the ruins, learning about Gerald of Wales, or enjoying the nearby beach, Manorbier Castle offers an unforgettable experience. Plan your visit today and discover this coastal gem.