Pembroke, located in the heart of Pembrokeshire, Wales, is a historic town with a rich medieval heritage. Known for its iconic castle and charming streets, it offers a blend of history, culture, and natural beauty.
The Fascinating History of Pembroke
Pembroke, one of Wales’ most historic towns, has a fascinating past that spans over a thousand years. From its origins as a Norman stronghold to its role in shaping the Tudor dynasty, Pembroke’s history reflects its strategic importance and enduring legacy.
Early Beginnings and Norman Conquest
Pembroke’s history began to take shape in the 11th century during the Norman conquest of Wales. In 1093, Roger de Montgomery, a trusted ally of William the Conqueror, established Pembroke Castle.
The castle’s location on a rocky promontory overlooking the Cleddau Estuary made it a natural defensive site. Its position allowed the Normans to control access to South West Wales, making it a key military and administrative center.
Pembroke Castle began as a simple wooden structure but was later rebuilt in stone during the 12th and 13th centuries. Its massive walls, gatehouse, and circular keep reflected the growing power of its owners.
Medieval Significance and the Plantagenet Era
In the 12th century, Pembroke Castle came under the control of William Marshal, one of the most influential figures of the medieval period. Known as the “greatest knight,” Marshal expanded the castle and used it as a base for his campaigns in Ireland.
William Marshal’s legacy included his role in the creation of the Magna Carta and his contributions to the stability of the English monarchy. Under his stewardship, Pembroke became a thriving center for trade and governance.
The town of Pembroke grew around the castle during this period. Its medieval streets, fortified walls, and bustling markets reflected its importance as a regional hub.
The Tudor Dynasty and Henry VII
Pembroke’s most famous historical connection is its role in the birth of the Tudor dynasty. In 1457, Henry Tudor, who would later become Henry VII, was born at Pembroke Castle.
Henry’s mother, Lady Margaret Beaufort, sought refuge at the castle during the Wars of the Roses. Her son’s birth marked the beginning of a journey that would culminate in the establishment of the Tudor dynasty.
In 1485, Henry returned to Wales and launched his campaign to claim the English throne. His victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field ended the Wars of the Roses and ushered in a new era of stability for England and Wales.
The English Civil War and Decline of the Castle
During the English Civil War (1642–1651), Pembroke Castle became a stronghold for Parliamentarian forces. The town and castle played a critical role in resisting Royalist advances in Wales.
In 1648, after a lengthy siege, Oliver Cromwell captured Pembroke Castle. To prevent further military use, Cromwell ordered the partial destruction of the castle, marking the beginning of its decline.
Despite its military demise, the castle remained a symbol of Pembroke’s historical importance. Its ruins became a site of fascination and inspiration for visitors and artists.
19th and 20th Century Revival
By the 19th century, Pembroke had transitioned into a quieter market town. The rise of nearby Pembroke Dock as a naval base shifted much of the region’s industrial and economic activity.
Efforts to preserve Pembroke Castle gained momentum in the 20th century. Restoration projects transformed the castle into one of Wales’ most iconic landmarks. Its connection to Henry VII and the Tudor dynasty continues to attract visitors from around the world.
Modern Pembroke
Today, Pembroke embraces its rich history while serving as a vibrant community and tourist destination. The castle remains the centerpiece of the town, hosting events, reenactments, and exhibitions that bring its past to life.
Pembroke’s medieval streets, historic buildings, and proximity to the stunning Pembrokeshire Coast National Park make it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.
From its Norman roots to its Tudor legacy, Pembroke’s history reflects the resilience and cultural significance of this remarkable Welsh town.
Notable Places to Visit in Pembroke
Pembroke boasts landmarks that highlight its historical and cultural significance:
-
Pembroke Castle:
Explore this magnificent fortress, with its towering walls, winding staircases, and stunning views of the surrounding landscape.
-
The Mill Pond:
Enjoy a peaceful walk around this scenic body of water, offering picturesque views of the castle.
-
St. Mary’s Church:
Visit this historic church, which dates back to the 13th century, and admire its beautiful architecture.
-
Monkton Priory:
Discover the remains of this medieval priory located just outside the town center.
Notable People from the Area
Pembroke has connections to several influential figures:
Henry VII (1457–1509):
The founder of the Tudor dynasty, born in Pembroke Castle.
William Marshal (1146–1219):
A legendary knight and statesman who owned Pembroke Castle and played a key role in medieval history.
Things to Do in Pembroke
Visitors to Pembroke can enjoy a variety of activities that cater to all interests:
-
Dine at Local Restaurants:
Try The Waterman’s Arms for traditional Welsh dishes or visit The Cornstore for a cozy dining experience.
-
Walk the Pembroke Town Trail:
Explore the town’s historical sites and learn about its fascinating past through informative plaques and displays.
-
Shop at Local Stores:
Browse unique gifts, crafts, and antiques in Pembroke’s independent shops.
-
Explore Pembrokeshire Coast National Park:
Just a short drive away, this stunning park offers breathtaking coastal views and scenic hiking trails.
Where to Stay in the Town
Pembroke offers a range of accommodations to suit every preference:
-
The Coach House Hotel:
A boutique hotel with comfortable rooms and excellent dining options.
-
Self-Catering Cottages:
Stay in a charming cottage for a private and relaxing retreat.
-
Local B&Bs:
Enjoy a warm welcome and homely atmosphere at one of Pembroke’s many bed-and-breakfasts.
Pembroke combines its rich history with stunning natural beauty and a welcoming community. Whether exploring its medieval castle, walking scenic trails, or enjoying local cuisine, visitors will find plenty to love.
Plan your visit today and experience the charm of Pembroke, Wales.
