Ruthin Castle, located in Denbighshire, Wales, is a site rich in history and charm. From its medieval origins to its transformation into a luxurious hotel, the castle offers a unique blend of ancient architecture and modern hospitality. Nestled in the Clwydian Range, it provides stunning views and a tranquil setting for visitors.

This blog explores Ruthin Castle’s fascinating history, architectural features, notable figures, and the best things to do during your visit.

The History of Ruthin Castle

Ruthin Castle, located in the heart of Denbighshire, Wales, has a history spanning over 700 years. Built during the medieval period, it played a significant role in the turbulent political and military struggles of the region. From its origins as a Norman fortress to its transformation into a Victorian residence and modern luxury hotel, Ruthin Castle’s story is as diverse as its architecture.

The Origins of Ruthin Castle (13th Century)

Ruthin Castle was constructed in 1277 during the reign of Edward I.

• Dafydd ap Gruffydd, the brother of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (the last Prince of Wales), initially built the castle. It was part of Edward’s strategy to consolidate control over North Wales following his campaigns against the Welsh.
• The castle’s location near the River Clwyd was strategically chosen for its natural defenses and proximity to key trade routes.
• Conflict with Edward I: In 1282, Dafydd rebelled against Edward I, joining his brother Llywelyn in a widespread uprising. This rebellion marked the end of Welsh independence.

After Dafydd’s capture and execution in 1283, Edward seized Ruthin Castle and granted it to Reginald de Grey, a loyal English nobleman.

The De Grey Family Era (13th–15th Century)

The de Grey family held Ruthin Castle for over 200 years, during which it became a key administrative and military center.

• Welsh Rebellions: The castle played a vital role in suppressing Welsh uprisings, including those led by Owain Glyndŵr in the early 15th century.
• Owain Glyndŵr’s Rebellion (1400–1415): In 1400, Glyndŵr attacked Ruthin town and the castle as part of his campaign against English rule. Although the town suffered significant damage, the castle withstood the assault.
• Feudal Power: The de Grey family used Ruthin Castle as a base for managing their vast estates in North Wales. The castle also served as a symbol of English dominance over the region.

The de Grey family’s tenure marked the height of Ruthin Castle’s political and military importance.

The Wars of the Roses (15th Century)

During the Wars of the Roses (1455–1487), Ruthin Castle became embroiled in the conflict between the rival houses of Lancaster and York.

• Shifting Loyalties: The castle changed hands multiple times as the fortunes of the two factions rose and fell.
• Decline in Strategic Importance: By the end of the wars, Ruthin Castle’s role as a military stronghold had diminished, reflecting the changing nature of warfare and politics in the late medieval period.

The English Civil War and Partial Destruction (17th Century)

Ruthin Castle saw renewed military activity during the English Civil War (1642–1651).

• Royalist Stronghold: The castle was held by Sir John Trevor, a staunch Royalist supporter of King Charles I. It served as a base for Royalist operations in North Wales.
• Siege and Capture: In 1646, Parliamentarian forces besieged and captured Ruthin Castle. The castle suffered extensive damage during the siege.
• Slighting: After the war, Parliament ordered the castle to be slighted (partially dismantled) to prevent further military use. Its walls and towers were deliberately damaged, leaving it in ruins.

The Civil War marked the end of Ruthin Castle’s role as a military stronghold.

Victorian Revival and Transformation (19th Century)

In the 19th century, Ruthin Castle underwent a dramatic transformation.

• Victorian Renovations: Wealthy industrialists purchased the site and rebuilt parts of the castle as a luxurious residence.
• Tudor and Gothic Influences: The new design incorporated Tudor-style features and Gothic elements, blending historic charm with modern comforts.
• Social Hub: The castle became a venue for grand parties and gatherings, attracting prominent figures of the Victorian era.

The Victorian revival preserved Ruthin Castle’s legacy while giving it a new purpose as a stately home.

World War I and Later History (20th Century)

During World War I, Ruthin Castle served as a military hospital.

• Treatment of Soldiers: The castle was repurposed to care for wounded soldiers returning from the front lines.
• Post-War Decline: After the war, the castle’s condition deteriorated, and it changed hands several times.

In the mid-20th century, efforts began to restore Ruthin Castle and adapt it for modern use.

Ruthin Castle Today

Today, Ruthin Castle operates as a luxury hotel and spa, offering visitors a unique blend of history and modern amenities.

• Preservation Efforts: Parts of the medieval ruins, including sections of the curtain walls and towers, have been preserved for historical and educational purposes.
• Modern Hospitality: The castle’s Victorian interiors have been refurbished, providing elegant accommodations and fine dining experiences.
• Cultural Events: Ruthin Castle hosts medieval banquets, weddings, and other events, celebrating its rich heritage and connection to Welsh history.

The Architecture of Ruthin Castle

Ruthin Castle is an architectural tapestry that reflects centuries of history, from its origins as a medieval fortress to its transformation into a Victorian residence. Its design showcases the defensive ingenuity of Norman and Edwardian builders alongside the aesthetic grandeur of 19th-century revivalist styles.

Medieval Foundations: Strength and Functionality

When Ruthin Castle was built in 1277, its architecture prioritized defense and strategic dominance.

• Curtain Walls: The castle’s thick stone walls enclosed its inner and outer wards, creating a secure perimeter.
  • The walls were reinforced with arrow slits, enabling defenders to fire arrows at attackers while remaining protected.
  • Stone walkways atop the walls allowed guards to patrol the perimeter and monitor the surrounding landscape.
• Round Towers: Circular towers were strategically placed along the curtain walls.
  • Their shape minimized blind spots and deflected projectiles, making them more resistant to siege engines.
  • The towers served multiple purposes, including housing guards, storing supplies, and providing elevated firing positions.
• Gatehouse: The fortified gatehouse served as the main entrance to the castle.
  • It featured a portcullis, heavy wooden doors, and murder holes through which defenders could drop stones or boiling liquids on attackers.
  • The gatehouse also included living quarters for guards, ensuring constant surveillance.
• Moat: A moat surrounded parts of the castle, adding an additional layer of defense. Attackers had to cross the water before reaching the walls, exposing themselves to defenders.

These features reflect the castle’s role as a stronghold during Edward I’s campaigns in Wales and its use during subsequent conflicts, including the Wars of the Roses and the English Civil War.

The Inner Ward: The Castle’s Heart

The inner ward was the most secure part of Ruthin Castle, housing essential buildings and spaces.

• Great Hall: The Great Hall was the social and administrative center of the castle.
  • It hosted feasts, meetings, and court proceedings, serving as a symbol of the lord’s authority.
  • Large fireplaces and high ceilings provided warmth and ventilation.
• Residential Quarters: Private chambers for the lord, his family, and high-ranking officials were located within the inner ward.
  • These rooms were relatively spacious and included fireplaces for comfort.
• Chapel: A small chapel allowed residents to worship, reflecting the importance of religion in medieval life.
• Kitchens and Storage: Kitchens, pantries, and storerooms ensured the castle could sustain its inhabitants during sieges.

The inner ward’s layout balanced functionality with the need for comfort and status.

Victorian Transformation: Revival and Elegance

In the 19th century, Ruthin Castle underwent a dramatic transformation. Wealthy industrialists purchased the site and rebuilt parts of the castle as a luxurious residence.

• Tudor Revival Style: The Victorian renovations incorporated elements of Tudor architecture, including decorative half-timbering, gabled roofs, and tall chimneys.
• Gothic Influences: The design also featured Gothic Revival elements, such as pointed arches, ornate stonework, and stained-glass windows.
• Grand Interiors: The interior spaces were designed to reflect the tastes of the Victorian elite.
  • The Great Hall was transformed into an elegant dining room, complete with intricate wood paneling and chandeliers.
  • Bedrooms and sitting rooms were furnished with plush carpets, antique furniture, and richly colored fabrics.
• Gardens and Grounds: The Victorian owners expanded the castle’s gardens, adding manicured lawns, flowerbeds, and walking paths.
  • They preserved parts of the original moat and incorporated ancient woodlands into the estate.

These changes emphasized Ruthin Castle’s transition from a military fortress to a stately home, blending historic charm with modern luxury.

Architectural Highlights

The Gatehouse

The gatehouse remains one of Ruthin Castle’s most iconic features. Its medieval design, complete with arrow slits and battlements, contrasts with the later Victorian additions.

The Towers

Several of the original round towers still stand, showcasing the strength and craftsmanship of medieval builders.

Victorian Additions

The Victorian renovations added a layer of elegance, with decorative stonework, Tudor-style windows, and Gothic arches enhancing the castle’s aesthetic appeal.

The Great Hall

The Great Hall’s transformation reflects the changing function of the castle, from a medieval administrative center to a venue for Victorian social gatherings.

Preservation and Modern Use

Today, Ruthin Castle’s architecture has been carefully preserved and adapted for modern use.

• Hotel and Spa: The castle now operates as a luxury hotel, with its historic interiors restored to their Victorian splendor.
• Medieval Ruins: Visitors can explore the remains of the original curtain walls, towers, and gatehouse, gaining insight into the castle’s medieval origins.
• Gardens: The surrounding gardens and grounds have been maintained, offering a peaceful retreat and stunning views of the Clwydian Range.

The combination of medieval and Victorian architecture makes Ruthin Castle a unique destination that bridges the past and present.

Notable People Associated with the Castle

Dafydd ap Gruffydd (c. 1238–1283)

Dafydd ap Gruffydd, the castle’s original builder, played a significant role in Welsh resistance against Edward I. His rebellion ultimately led to his capture and execution.

Edward I (1239–1307)

Edward I, known as “Longshanks,” seized Ruthin Castle after Dafydd’s rebellion. He incorporated it into his network of Welsh strongholds.

Sir John Trevor (17th Century)

Sir John Trevor, a prominent Royalist, owned Ruthin Castle during the English Civil War. The castle’s siege marked a turning point in its history.

Things to Do at Ruthin Castle

Ruthin Castle offers a variety of activities and experiences for visitors, blending history with modern luxury.

• Explore the Ruins:

  Walk through the remnants of the medieval walls, towers, and gatehouse. Learn about the castle’s defensive features and history.

• Stay in the Hotel:

  The castle is now a luxurious hotel, offering unique rooms, fine dining, and spa treatments in a historic setting.

• Enjoy the Gardens:

  Stroll through the castle’s gardens and woodlands. Discover the remnants of the moat and enjoy the serene atmosphere.

• Attend a Medieval Banquet:

  The castle hosts themed banquets, complete with costumes, traditional music, and hearty medieval-inspired feasts.

• Visit Ruthin Town:

  Explore the nearby market town of Ruthin, known for its charming streets, independent shops, and historic sites like St. Peter’s Church.

Other Interesting Facts About the Castle

• Ruthin Castle is rumored to be haunted, with tales of ghostly apparitions adding to its mystique.
• The castle’s Victorian renovations included lavish interiors, blending Gothic and Tudor styles with modern comforts.
• During World War I, the castle served as a military hospital, treating wounded soldiers.

Ruthin Castle is more than just a historic ruin. It’s a destination where history, architecture, and modern luxury converge. Whether you’re exploring its medieval walls, enjoying a stay in its luxurious hotel, or attending a lively banquet, Ruthin Castle offers something for everyone.

Plan your visit to this enchanting Welsh landmark and immerse yourself in centuries of history and hospitality.